This article is in response to a video by Pasha Dolnoboy. Sorry man, I thought you'd be smarter than that.
Oil imports and exports
The United States became a net annual petroleum exporter in 2020
The United States remained a net crude oil importer in 2020, importing nearly 5.88 MMb/d and exporting about 3.18 MMb/d. However, some of the crude oil that the U.S. imports is refined by U.S. refineries into petroleum products—such as gasoline, heating oil, diesel fuel, and jet fuel—that the U.S. exports. Also, some of imported petroleum may be stored and subsequently exported.
U.S. petroleum imports in 2020 were the lowest since 1991
The United States imported about 7.86 MMb/d of petroleum in 2020, which included 5.88 MMb/d of crude oil and 1.98 MMb/d of noncrude petroleum liquids and refined petroleum products. These were the lowest levels of imports of total petroleum and of crude oil since 1991.
After generally increasing every year from 1954 through 2005, U.S. total gross and net petroleum imports peaked in 2005. Increases in domestic petroleum production and in petroleum exports helped to reduce total annual petroleum net imports every year except one since 2005. In 2020, annual petroleum net imports were actually negative (at -0.65 MMb/d), the first time this occured since at least 1949.
Share of imports from OPEC and Persian Gulf countries has declined, while the share of imports from Canada has increased
U.S. petroleum imports rose sharply in the 1970s, especially from members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). In 1977, when the United States exported relatively small amounts of petroleum, OPEC nations were the source of 70% of U.S. total petroleum imports and the source of 85% of U.S. crude oil imports.
Since 1977, the share of U.S. total petroleum and crude oil imports from OPEC has generally declined. In 2020, OPEC's share of U.S. total petroleum imports was about 11%, and its share of U.S. crude oil imports was 14%. Saudi Arabia, the largest OPEC exporter, was the source of 7% of U.S. total petroleum imports and 8% of U.S. crude oil imports. Saudi Arabia is also the largest source of U.S. petroleum imports from Persian Gulf countries. About 10% of U.S. total petroleum imports and 12% of U.S. crude oil imports were from Persian Gulf countries in 2020.
Petroleum imports from Canada increased significantly since the 1990s, and Canada is now the largest single source of U.S. total petroleum and crude oil imports. In 2020, Canada was the source of 52% of U.S. total gross petroleum imports and 61% of gross crude oil imports.
did you know?
OPEC and Persian Gulf countries are not the same.
Of the 13 members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) as of January 1, 2021, five of them were Persian Gulf countries: Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.
The majority of total U.S. petroleum exports are petroleum liquids and refined petroleum products
Because of logistical, regulatory, and quality considerations, exporting some petroleum is the most economical way to meet the market's needs. For example, refiners in the U.S. Gulf Coast region frequently find that it makes economic sense to export some of their gasoline to Mexico rather than shipping it to the U.S. East Coast because lower cost gasoline imports from Europe may be available to the East Coast.
Petroleum liquids include hydrocarbon gas liquids (HGL). HGL exports, mainly propane, have increased substantially since 2008, and in 2020 represented about 25% of total gross petroleum exports.
Does the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) know which companies purchase imported crude oil or gasoline?
Although EIA cannot identify which companies sell imported gasoline or gasoline refined from imported oil, it does publish data on the companies that import petroleum into the United States. However, the fact that a given company imports crude oil does not mean that those imports will be used to produce the gasoline sold to motorists as that company's brand of gasoline. Gasoline from different refineries and import terminals is often combined for shipment by pipeline. Different companies owning service stations in the same area may be purchasing gasoline at the same bulk terminal, which may or may not include imported gasoline or gasoline refined from imported oil.
1 Petrolelum is a broadly defined class of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures that include crude oil, lease condensate, unfinished oils, and products produced from refining crude oil and from processing natural gas plant liquids, including hydrocarbon gas liquids. Volumes of finished petroleum products include non-hydrocarbon compounds, such as fuel ethanol, biodiesel, additives, and detergents, that are blended into the products.
2 U.S. domestic petroleum production includes field production of crude oil and natural gas liquids, renewable fuels and oxygenate plant net production, and refinery processing gain. Preliminary data for 2020.
3 Consumption is represented by product supplied. Preliminary data for 2020.
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